Introduction

Behind the ever-increasing need for higher throughput and lower latency is the rapid growth in adoption and on-chain use cases. However, we have now reached the point where hardware constraints, not software, are the primary limiting factors in blockchain scalability. 

InfiniSVM represents a radically new approach to scaling, integrating advanced hardware and architecture such as InfiniBand, RDMA, and FPGAs to accelerate blockchain performance while maintaining decentralization and composability. In doing so, we’re aiming to become the first L1 to reach 1M TPS and 100Gbps in production. This article explores the hardware and architecture behind Solayer InfiniSVM and how it delivers unparalleled scalability and efficiency.

Unlocking the Era of Blockchain-On-Chip

Solayer InfiniSVM addresses the inherent limitations of traditional blockchain architectures by implementing a hardware-accelerated SVM. By integrating specialized hardware, InfiniSVM achieves over 1 million TPS  and exceeds 100 Gbps in network bandwidth, unlocking entirely new use cases such as fully on-chain gaming, streaming, and support for virtually unlimited amounts of AI agents.

Architecture Features

• Distributed Workload Through Specialized Clusters

InfiniSVM divides its transaction processing pipeline into specialized microservices, optimizing each stage.

• Signature Verification (SigVerify): Offloaded to dedicated clusters to reduce CPU load.

• Pre-Execution Simulation: Transactions are simulated against the most recent committed state to detect conflicts early.

This distributed approach ensures low latency and high throughput under peak load conditions.

FPGA-Enhanced Scheduling and Concurrency Control

Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) accelerate transaction scheduling and concurrency management.

• Fine-grained scheduling algorithm minimizes contention during parallel transaction execution.

• Optimized scheduling algorithms maximize resource utilization and reduce bottlenecks in high-frequency transaction environments.

Sharded Key-Value Store with RDMA Integration

InfiniSVM employs a sharded, distributed key-value store to handle blockchain state efficiently.

• Memory-Resident Jump Tables: For quick mapping of account data.

• Contiguous Data Regions: Optimized for rapid updates to state data.

• In-Memory Caches: Using Least Recently Used (LRU) policies to accelerate access to frequently used accounts.

RDMA integration allows ultra-low latency for cross-node state access, ensuring high performance as the system scales.

Infiniband RDMA for Ultra-Fast Inter-Node Communication

Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) over Infiniband forms the backbone of InfiniSVM’s communication infrastructure.

• Near-microsecond latency for data transfer.

• Zero-copy memory operations, significantly reducing CPU overhead.

• Scalability up to 100 Gbps per port, ensuring seamless communication between nodes.

These features are crucial for maintaining high-speed data exchanges across InfiniSVM’s distributed architecture.

How Advance Hardware Architecture Drives Performance Gains

Parallelism Through Predictive Execution

Speculative execution allows InfiniSVM to pre-execute transactions and identify potential conflicts, enabling most transactions to proceed without delays. Advanced predictive models further reduce re-execution overhead.

Dynamic Scheduling with SDN and FPGA Integration

FPGA-accelerated schedulers work alongside SDN to dynamically allocate resources based on network and system conditions. This combination ensures optimal transaction throughput while maintaining low latency.

Load Balancing and State Management

Background rebalancing mechanisms distribute account data across nodes based on historical access patterns. This minimizes cross-node data fetches, improving overall performance and maintaining system scalability.

Real-World Applications

The hardware architecture of InfiniSVM unlocks new possibilities for decentralized applications requiring high throughput and low latency.

• DeFi Protocols: Supporting real-time operations like arbitrage and liquidations.

• Gaming Platforms: Enabling high-frequency interactions without sacrificing user experience.

• Cross-Chain Operations: Facilitating atomic transactions across multiple networks using bi-directional bridges and SDN-driven traffic optimization.

Conclusion

Solayer InfiniSVM represents a transformative leap in blockchain scalability by combining innovative software with advanced hardware solutions. Its integration of InfiniBand, RDMA, FPGA, and SDN technologies delivers unparalleled performance, redefining what is possible for decentralized networks. As blockchain demands continue to grow, InfiniSVM’s hardware-accelerated architecture sets a new standard for the industry.